Anatomically modern humans evolve. Seventy thousand years later, their descendants create cave paintings — early expressions of consciousness.

In Africa, an early hominid, affectionately named "Lucy" by scientists, lives. The ice ages begin, and many large mammals go extinct.

Land plants evolve, drastically changing Earth's landscape and creating new habitats.

The Earth forms and is bombarded by meteorites and comets.

The supercontinent called Pangea forms. Conifer-like forests, reptiles, and synapsids (the ancestors of mammals) are common.